USSR TIMELANE SERIES
Some historians believe that the revolution actually started in 1904 and ran on for years, whereas other historians don't believe that there was a "revolution" at all in 1905 but rather a series of smaller rebellions, Ascher wrote.Ī Fabergé egg, made for the Russian imperial family in 1887. Ascher noted that Lenin thought of it as a dress rehearsal for the 1917 revolution. The impact of the failed 1905 revolution has been widely debated by commentators and historians, wrote Abraham Ascher, a distinguished professor of history at the City University of New York, in a paper published in the book "The Russian Revolution of 1905: Centenary Perspectives" (Routledge, 2005). In response, Nicholas II implemented reforms that reduced the Czar's power to some degree.
While the revolution was put down over the next two years by pro-czarist forces, it illustrated the fragile hold the czarist family had over their country. One famous example is the battleship Potemkin, whose crew mutinied and took over the ship. A substantial amount of Russia's navy was destroyed or captured, and Russia was forced to cede territory to Japan.Ī revolution occurred in Russia in 1905, following the country's defeat to Japan, when parts of Russia's military rebelled against Czar Nicholas II. From 1904 to 1905, Russia lost the Russo-Japanese War against Japan. In the beginning of the 20th century, czarist Russia suffered a series of military defeats. Hindert is a distinguished research professor of economics at the University of California Davis, and Nafziger is an economics professor at Williams College in Massachusetts. This was despite the extreme suppression of political rights, the inequality of land ownership, and the clear regressivity of the imperial fiscal system," Peter Hindert and Steven Nafziger wrote in a paper published in 2014 in the Journal of Economic History. "Russia's income inequality was not exceptional, either in comparison to contemporary societies or when stacked up against estimates for the post-Soviet period. That being said, recent research indicates that the level of inequality in the country was not particularly unusual - both for the time and compared with today's levels. Around 80% of the population may have been living in rural areas around the year 1900. The czarist family lived a life of luxury, as illustrated by the ornate Fabergé eggs they commissioned and collected, while much of the population lived in poverty. However, czarist Russia was fertile ground for a revolution. Prior to the establishment of the Soviet Union, Russia was a monarchy ruled by a king, or czar.
Vladimir Lenin, first leader of the Soviet Union, giving a speech in Moscow in 1919 (Image credit: UniversalImagesGroup via Getty Images) (opens in new tab)
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